PREMATURE AGING - TOP 3 CAUSES

FINDING A WAY TO REJUVENATE FROM THE TOP THREE CAUSES OF AGING

"It appears to everyone, it happens in our body, Aging is different from a sudden disease.Yes aging can be delayed but cant be stopped.".

Premature Aging - Top 3 Causes. It is undoubtedly the law of nature that a person grows old with age. But just as Newton, who wondered about the apple falling down from the apple tree, discovered the universal gravitation, science always comes from doubting that it seems so natural. Let's consider the various problems related to human aging with the mind of such a scientist. Why is a person getting old? If it is an absurd question, let's say that it is natural for humans to age because all living things in nature are old. But why do trees live for thousands of years, and are human life at best around 100 years old? In the Bible, pre-Flood figures like Methuselah lived between 800 and 900 years old. Is there any chance that the human life span will increase dramatically like that again? What problems must be solved to do so?

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First, what is ‘being old (aging)’? When you compare a young man in his 20s and an old man in his 90s, the meaning of aging is clearly revealed, but academically, the ability of cell division to disappear and the intrinsic functions of organs and tissues gradually decrease.Premature Aging - Top 3 Causes.
As a result, it can be defined as a phenomenon that increases the likelihood of dying. This is because, when young, chronic stress is applied to a tissue or cell, the division of the cell increases to heal the damage, but if there is no longer any room for cell division, the function of the site decreases and the likelihood of dying increases. However, this phenomenon can be applied similarly to 'disease' rather than aging. So how is disease and aging different? In order to define a specific phenomenon in humans as aging, first, it must occur in all individuals without exception. In other words, the phenomenon that occurs only in a specific person should be called a disease, not an aging phenomenon.

Second, it must be a phenomenon that occurs inside the human body. It is not an aging phenomenon that is caused by an external factor such as infection with bacteria, traffic accidents, or poisoning.

Third, it is a phenomenon that occurs gradually and progresses. A phenomenon that suddenly occurs at one point is not an aging phenomenon. Fourth, the phenomenon that physical and cognitive function falls ultimately must be accompanied.

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So what causes aging? All living things in nature go through aging to death. If you broaden the scope, it is not only life that walks the process of aging and death. If you use a car for a long time, it will scratch the place and the performance of the engine will deteriorate to meet the fate of the junk car. This is the “Wear and TearTheory” of aging. Just as things wear out in the course of long-term use and can no longer be used, our bodies also wear out due to various damages inflicted in our lives, and we can no longer use them. But only the wear theory, It is difficult to describe the complex and changeable human aging patterns. This is because a car or a desk receives 100 damage equally when a 100 shock is given, but a person does not. Scientists have focused on research on what are the more complex and elaborate internal causes and mechanisms that lead to human aging, and present various hypotheses and theories. Three of the most common aging-related theories are:

1.      Program theory - Aging and lifespan - Inherited genetically. Premature Aging - Top 3 Causes.

The theory is that all information about a person's aging and lifespan is pre-populated in a gene that determines human traits. For example, some families are predisposed to being obese by nature and have high blood pressure and cholesterol, so the 'fate' that a father, son and grandson die due to myocardial infarction in their forties is designed in the gene. The theory is. Of course, it is possible to avoid fate as much as possible by improving lifestyle habits such as eating and exercising or medical treatment, but the rule is that if one excludes such acquired factors, the fate of a person's aging and life expectancy proceeds as previously programmed in the gene.

Scientists did not stay on the highly deterministic “program theory,” but went further. If human fate was entered into a gene in advance, he wanted to know which gene is specifically included in so many genes. As a result, scientists found many genes related to disease, aging, and lifespan, and found that the mutation or expression of the gene directly affects aging and longevity. In fact, we found that mutations in certain genes result in “progeria,” which accelerates aging rapidly. In addition, it was found that when the expression of the antioxidant gene increases, the lifespan increases, and, on the contrary, when the expression of insulin or growth hormone-related genes is suppressed, the lifespan is extended. Eventually, it was found that adjusting the expression level of genes related to aging and longevity can somewhat control the pre-programmed fate.

What is gene expression? Premature Aging - Top 3 Causes.

We need to understand the concept of 'expression'. The dictionary meaning of expression is 'to make things appear inside or outside to appear or appear.' Gene expression is easy to understand when considering the switch of the bulb. When the switch is turned off (if it is not expressed), the unique function of the gene is not exerted, but when the switch is turned on at some point, the unique function of the gene is exerted as if it were lit.

In order for DNA-type genes to express and function, proteins must be made through RNA. However, if the genetic structure (base sequence) is mutated, or if the expression of the gene is artificially suppressed or amplified, normal protein production through RNA is impaired. Or, on the contrary, phenomena such as aging are suppressed. This artificial regulation of gene expression is called 'Epigenetics'.

           How do you regulate gene expression?

One of the ways to regulate gene expression is to control the amount of 'chilgi' attached to DNA. 

Is to do. Even if the same gene is attached, the degree of gene expression differs depending on how many methyl groups are attached. There is also a way to control the amount of 'acetyl group' attached to a protein called 'histone' surrounding DNA. As the number of acetyl groups increases, a gap is formed between histones, allowing DNA access to factors required to express the gene, thereby increasing gene expression.

Gene expression is influenced by the foods, drugs, and environmental substances we eat. The main ingredient of the filling is folic acid in the food we eat. Folic acid belonging to the water-soluble vitamin B group is widely distributed in green plants, and is destroyed by drinking. By regulating gene expression by attaching or removing methyl or acetyl groups to these aged cells, it can be reverted back to young and healthy cells. In fact, studies conducted in 10-year increments on humans showed that gene expression differed by about 5% in 10 years, depending on what environment and what food you eat and live.

    2.   Telomere Shortening Theory - Long telomeres can rejuvenate again.

'Telomere' is the DNA at both ends of a rod-shaped chromosome, and the length of the telomeres decreases slightly each time a cell divides. This has been demonstrated in experiments involving humans as well as animals. This means that the remaining length of telomere can be used as an important indicator of the life expectancy of an individual. If the length of the telomer is long, the cells are still young and can divide several times in the future. If the length of the telomer is short, it means that the cells are already divided and there is little room for further division.

With the discovery of Telomere's secret, scientists are now able to predict a person's remaining life relatively accurately. People often think that age is an indicator of predicting the degree of aging or risk of death, a “biomarker”, but age is a very incomplete biomarker. In many cases, an individual's health status, such as sensory function, motor function, and cognitive function, is not related to age. But the length of telomere does not lie. Even 90-year-olds can predict that long telomeres will lead to a healthy longevity in the future. In addition, it was predicted that no matter how healthy they seemed to be, they would not live long if the telomere length was short. Eventually, by measuring the length of the telomer, it was possible to tell what percentage of a person's life span was.

Scientists were again curious. If the length of the telomer is related to the life, it means that artificially extending the length of the telomer will extend the life. This curiosity turned out to be true as a result of animal testing. In experiments with mice, the expression of enzymes that lengthen telomeres (Telomerase) has been increased, thus actually increasing the lifespan of mice.

If so, can a person become ill if he artificially increases the length of telomeres by expressing telomerase? Although theoretically possible, there is a real problem here. Telomerase is not expressed in normal cells but is expressed only in stem cells, germ cells, and cancer cells, and is known to maintain the telomere length. Therefore, scientists are studying ways to slow the aging process and prolong the lifespan by developing substances or drugs that increase the activity of telomerase in normal cells, not stem cells or cancer cells. If this study is fruitful, then humans may be able to achieve their dreams of being unborn.

On the other hand, cancer cells continue to divide because the telomerase enzyme continually restores the length of the telomeres, thereby increasing the cancer. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies around the world are developing drugs that inhibit the telomerase enzyme linked to cancer cells and researching them to use as anticancer drugs.

“If so, would a person become ill if they artificially increase the length of telomeres by expressing telomerase?”

     3.    Free radical theory Free radicals prevent aging.

Medical terminology that frequently appears in the media and in advertisements is “harmful oxygen” or active oxygen. 'Active oxygen' is an intermediate product of oxygen that possesses unpaired electrons. It is produced by metabolic processes in normal cells or external stimuli. Reactive oxygen is a type of debris from the incomplete combustion of oxygen in the process of breathing oxygen and breathing carbon dioxide or metabolizing food. Our body has a defense mechanism that protects cells from attack by free radicals, and to some extent, antioxidants that neutralize free radicals are secreted from inside the body. However, if the amount of free radicals produced exceeds the protective capacity, the human body is damaged and aging occurs.

Premature Aging - Top 3 Causes. Free radicals are recognized as the mainstay of modern human health, but free radicals are not ineffective. Free radicals are needed for normal functioning of cells, such as fighting inflammation, killing bacteria, and regulating the activity of smooth muscles (the muscles that regulate the work of internal organs and blood vessels in the human body). However, if the free radicals are made excessively, the free radicals penetrate deep into the cells, damaging the nucleus that carries DNA, and as a result, mutations occur, resulting in cancer. In addition, free radicals cause oxidative damage to cells, proteins, lipids, etc., and when these damages accumulate, aging occurs.

Since 1-2% of the oxygen used by cells becomes free radicals, theoretically, people who use a lot of oxygen, such as marathoners, undergo aging with free radicals more quickly. In addition, free radicals are generated in the normal metabolic process of the body, and external ultraviolet rays, heat, and bacterial infections are also causes of free radicals. In order to protect the human body from attack of free radicals, it is necessary to refrain from 'producing free radicals' or remove free radicals that have already been produced.

"Our body has a defense mechanism that protects cells from attack by free radicals, and to some extent, antioxidants that neutralize free radicals are secreted from inside the body."

How to suppress the occurrence of free radicals

So how do you suppress the occurrence of free radicals or remove the free radicals that have already formed?

First, we have to do the news. Free radicals are produced in the process of digestion and metabolism of food, so eating less food will inhibit aging and prolong life. As a result of experiments with mice fed normally to one mouse and reduced the calories by 30-50% to the other mice, the reduced mice increased their average lifespan and maximum lifespan compared to those who ate them freely. In addition, the incidence of various aging-related diseases was reduced, the age at which the disease occurred was slower, stress-resistant, and normal body function of the mice was maintained until later. The anti-aging effects of dietary restrictions have been demonstrated in monkey-like primates. Therefore, the news is the most proven method for longevity. Meanwhile, it is not easy to reduce the amount of food by 30 ~ 50%.Premature Aging - Top 3 Causes.

I am looking for a way to achieve the same effect as it appears. For example, we found that feeding a specific substance (2-deoxy-D-glucose) suppressed glucose breakdown and exerted a similar effect to the news. It has also been found that inhibiting insulin / growth hormone-1 increases resistance to oxidative damage.

Second, it is an appropriate exercise. Since free radicals increase in proportion to breathing, exercise at first glance may be viewed as promoting aging. However, proper exercise does not suffer from oxidative damage due to increased secretion of natural sulfates such as SOD, GSH and catalase against free radicals. Rather, if you do not exercise regularly, the production of these natural antioxidants is suppressed and it has been shown to cause oxidation damage. On the other hand, excessive exercise causes excessive production of free radicals in excess of the cell's defense ability, thus attacking the cells and causing damage to the skeleton and muscles, thereby promoting aging.

Third, it is a method of suppressing oxidative damage caused by free radicals by supplying antioxidants in the form of food or drugs from the outside. There is no theory that eating more vegetables or fruits rich in sulfated substances such as vitamin C or E suppresses aging than it does not. Even if it is not necessarily natural foods, scientists believe that antioxidants such as natural vitamins and synthetic vitamins prevent aging by inhibiting oxidative damage to some extent. Then what about 'Megadose (overdose) therapy' that takes 3000 to 6000mg of vitamin C per day? People who claim this therapy say that taking a large amount of vitamin C during a meal can prevent heart disease or cancer by suppressing free radicals in digestion and metabolic processes. According to this principle, many people are practicing vitamin C megados therapy. However, there are some scholars who oppose megadosing because of the small effect of suppressing oxidative damage and the possibility of side effects such as kidney stones.

 Conclusion 

Premature Aging - Top 3 Causes. But living longer comes at extent of price! To make a cell younger is to make it divide. Controlled cell division is called youth, and uncontrolled cell division is called cancer. Finding the right timing of treatment is also difficult. If the goal is to prevent aging-related diseases, then administer anti-aging treatments as soon as the first disease occurs? Or when a second disease appears? "Once a problem occurs, it's really hard to get back to the way it was. It's easier to stay healthy," Kennedy said. So it should make sense to start prevention earlier, such as in healthy middle age, but it's still decades away. Years of research will have a way to prove it! If it can really delay the arrival of the disease, the next question is, how long can it be delayed?