Do you Know?
In the United States, after every 40 seconds an individual is suffering from heart attack. Every year, approximately 805,000 people in the United States have a heart attack. Out of these, 605,000 are suffered from first heart attack. AND Do you know 90% of above mentioned cases are due to negligence and unawareness.
What is heart disease?
Early Symptoms of Heart Disease
Types of Heart Disease
1. Congenital Heart Disease
2. Heart failure
3. Arrhythmia
4. Inflammation of the Heart
5. Heart Valve Disease
6. Coronary Heart Disease
Typical symptoms of heart disease
Heart Disease and Diet
If you want to know What is Heart Disease Symptoms than "The total cholesterol/ HDL ratio is an indicator
of an individual that can cause blockages in the arteries of his heart". A
ratio greater than 4.5 is considered a high risk for coronary heart disease.
This ratio can be decreased by increasing good (HDL) cholesterol OR decreasing
the level of bad (LDL) cholesterol.
Heart Failure Incidents
There are 7 symptoms, the heart is calling for help! 50% death rate of fourth stage heart failure is more terrible than cancer
Cai Congcong, director of Beitou Health Management Hospital, China
said that taking Liu Zhen as an example, aortic stenosis is a type of valvular
heart disease. Aortic stenosis is common in the elderly and is related to
aging. As the age increases, valve aging will lead to calcification; In young
people, it is associated with congenital valve abnormalities.
There are 4 stages of heart failure, and the death rate of the
fourth stage is higher than that of cancer.
Cai Congcong pointed out that heart failure is divided into four
stages, and if it reaches the fourth stage, the average five-year survival rate
is only 50%, and the death rate is higher than cancer.
From the perspective of
the structure of the heart, the heart is divided into four parts: the left and
right atria and the left and right ventricles. Among them, the left ventricle
is the most important, responsible for the main function of transporting blood
to various parts of the body. The aortic valve is located between the left
ventricle and the aorta. If the valve orifice is narrowed, the heart load will
increase, and heart failure will result after a long time.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of
Health and Welfare, among the top ten causes of death among Chinese people in
2018, "heart disease" still ranked second on the list, claiming
21,569 precious lives. Common heart diseases include: high blood pressure,
hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease (angina and myocardial
infarction), valvular heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, congenital
heart disease.
Checks to find Heart Problems
Cai Congcong said that there are a total of 8 common inspection methods that can be used to check the health of the heart:
1. Physical examination: Auscultation is used to judge whether there are problems such as heart failure, arrhythmia, and valvular heart disease according to whether the subject's heartbeat is normal or whether there are murmurs.
2. Chest X-ray: To check the condition of the patient's heart, to see if it is enlarged, etc.
3. Electrocardiogram: left atrium and left ventricular hypertrophy can be found, and can be combined with other diagnostic methods to increase accuracy.
4. Cardiac Ultrasound: Cardiac ultrasound can see the heart structure, the thickness of the valve, the degree of relaxation and prolapse, the severity of mitral valve insufficiency, and evaluate the contractile function of the left ventricular muscle, whether the atrium and ventricle are enlarged, and the heart pump function Is it normal and so on.
5. Exercise Electrocardiogram: By observing changes in electrocardiogram, heart rate and blood pressure when the subject's exercise load increases, it can be used to evaluate the prognosis of myocardial infarction to understand the state of myocardial hypoxia and arrhythmia.
6. Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT): Using ultra-high-speed coronary artery computed tomography, it can effectively detect cardiovascular diseases in the early stage and evaluate the stenosis of coronary artery calcification block.
7. Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTA): It is necessary to inject a contrast agent and then perform a computerized tomography scan. The image after the inspection can obtain good arterial imaging, which can detect diseases such as aneurysms, arterial dissection, arteriosclerosis, stenosis, and embolism. Especially for the group with three high problems or severe coronary artery blockage, the person may not have obvious symptoms, but the severity of cardiovascular blockage can be clearly seen through the detection image.
8. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Magnetic Resonance Imaging detection does not require the injection of a contrasting agent and has zero radiation effects. It is a safe and accurate inspection method for the human body. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to analyze the heart muscle and valves, and can also measure the size of the heart and accurately calculate the contraction force of the heart. It is better than ultrasonic detection for heart tissue measurement.
Is myocardial infarction difficult to prevent in middle-aged and elderly people? Exercise electrocardiogram combined with AI to identify risky patients early
Entering autumn and winter is a time when cardiovascular diseases are prone to occur, but physicians see more than 100 patients every day, manual interpretation of exercise ECG still has its blind spots, and it also depends on the experience of physicians . With the development of medical technology, big data is integrated into clinical applications, and the risk is accurately analyzed by cross-comparison with ECG AI. Dr. Wu Hongbin from the Cardiovascular Department of China Affiliated Hospital pointed out: "Ordinary people have some blind spots in interpreting exercise ECG, but AI is similar to the second A physician, providing advice to help clinicians make interpretations.”
Stenosis of blood vessels may not necessarily cause symptoms?
It is obvious that the patient's blood vessels have narrowed, why sometimes the symptoms are not obvious? Dr. Wu Hongbin, Department of Cardiology and Blood, China Medical University Affiliated Hospital explained: “Because the oxygen required by the heart itself is mainly supplied through the three branched coronary arteries, when the coronary arteries supplying myocardial blood oxygen are narrowed or blocked, the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart will be affected. That’s when the discomfort starts.”
When myocardial hypoxia inhibits myocardial contraction, the heart cannot pump out normal blood volume. In severe cases, it can cause heart failure or arrhythmia. These complications are the fatal key! The main reason is that the blood supply to the heart is insufficient due to the narrowing of the diameter of the tube, and symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath begin to appear, which is clinically called "coronary artery disease" or "angina pectoris".
According to statistics from the Ministry of Health and Welfare in the 110 years of the Republic of China, heart disease is still the second leading cause of death among Chinese people, second only to cancer, and the number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease continues to rise every year, but sometimes patients have symptoms, but after examination Physician's interpretation may not be immediately dangerous, but combined with artificial intelligence and past data statistics, there is an opportunity to detect patients with high-risk stenosis early.
Exercise ECG still has its blind spots!
Wu Hongbin, Doctor in Materail Physics, said: "Coronary artery obstruction is usually due to multiple factors, such as smoking, old age, diabetes, high blood lipids, etc. to form "atherosclerotic" plaques, which restrict the diameter of blood vessels, but the problem of stenosis is not necessarily due to It can be interpreted very well by exercise ECG.”
Wu Hongbin shared a previously treated case. A 75-year-old Chen Bobo had a history of gastroesophageal reflux. After a month of treatment, he did not improve. However, he woke up one morning with chest tightness and symptoms similar to angina. Immediately after seeing the doctor, an exercise electrocardiogram was arranged.
Wu Hongbin said: "The case does not seem to be a typical myocardial hypoxia at the moment. The traditional scoring method is used to determine that it is a moderate risk person, and no immediate cardiac catheterization is required. However, AI manual interpretation believes that the probability of severe stenosis exceeds 70%. Therefore, The doctor hurriedly arranged further cardiac catheterization and found that the stenosis of the left anterior descending artery was as high as 99%.” Fortunately, percutaneous coronary intervention was performed, and a cardiac stent was urgently placed in the coronary artery for treatment, and myocardial infarction was avoided.
Generally speaking, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction are common coronary heart diseases in middle-aged and elderly people, and they are the main causes of "sudden death". Liang Xinyue, director of the Cardiac Imaging Department of China Affiliated Hospital, appealed: "Middle-aged and elderly people should consider adding exercise ECG during health checkups. It is the simplest and best tool to understand the physiological state. If it is combined with AI system to assist in interpretation, it will be more accurate. Cardiovascular blockage is better than traditional ultrasound examination.”
AI assists physicians in interpretation! Find 70% of blocked patients
Exercise ECG is one of the important tools for diagnosing coronary artery disease, but considering that doctors need to read a lot of reports every day, and the interpretation is also related to the experience of doctors, Liang Xinyue said frankly: "The traditional manual interpretation of more than ten ECGs is not only time-consuming, but also often It is difficult to distinguish subtle differences, and the accuracy of manual analysis is only 40%-50% clinically.”
Physicians face a lot of pressure and spend a lot of time. In response to the demand, the Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University began to introduce artificial intelligence to assist in analysis and interpretation. It collected nearly a thousand ECG images with coronary artery blockage of more than 70% in the past four years, and combined them with cardiac catheterization data. Designing the "AI-assisted interpretation system", director Xu Kaicheng said: "AI is trained through a deep learning framework, and by capturing the signals of three time points of the exercise ECG, the model can learn the changes from static to dynamic exercise ECG signals."
Now with the help of AI, the accuracy is higher and the sensitivity is high, so patients can be screened out early. Xu Kaicheng said: "2,200 people have undergone this kind of inspection since May this year. With the AI report, the AI will jump out of the auxiliary reporting system and prompt whether the case has If there is a possibility of more than 70% blockage, doctors can use it as a reference to arrange cardiac catheterization and stent treatment as soon as possible.”
It is hoped that the AI model can also be applied to other disease categories in the future to help clinicians make interpretations, identify problems early for high-risk patients, and avoid heart emergencies.
What is aortic valve stenosis? Be careful, 2% of people are born with one less valve and are prone to disease
If the aortic valve is missing a valve, it is a congenital lesion. Usually there are no symptoms when you are young. As you grow older, the blood flow will cause turbulence, and the valve will gradually form. Lesions, if the calcification is severe, may cause stricture, which is a fatal threat. Cai Fengjun, Director of Cardiac Surgery of Gaoyi Hospital, reminded: "When the elderly feel chest tightness or even faint when they feel a little activity, they must seek medical treatment as soon as possible."
Aortic valve calcification and stenosis are the main causes of open heart surgery for the elderly
The "aortic valve" is responsible for transporting the amount of blood needed by the body to various parts of the body. Once the opening of the valve narrows and becomes smaller, the heart must work harder to transport blood. This is usually caused by calcification in the elderly, and some are Valve problems due to heart congenital defects, rheumatic fever, history of radiation therapy.
Taiwan has entered an aging society, and the degeneration of the "aortic valve" causes calcification and stenosis. It has become the first open heart surgery for the elderly. Luo Chuanyao, vice president of Zhonghe Memorial Hospital affiliated to Gao Medical University, said: "Especially for some atypical, congenital double-valve stenosis combined with low heart function, the symptoms often become unclear because there is no serious calcification and sufficient pressure difference."
It’s just that the valve problem is normal aging. Lin Zongxian, director of Cardiology Department of Higher Medical, said: “Aortic valve stenosis is a disease that may cause sudden death. Especially when heart failure occurs, the life can only be about one and a half years. It requires the joint efforts of cardiology and surgery. diagnosis and treatment."
Valvular disease symptoms may not appear when young
Cai Fengjun previously treated a very special case, a 67-year-old Mr. Gu, who has often felt tired and cold feet in recent years. He had received a stent due to a heart attack. He suddenly passed out when he was a guest at a relative’s house in July. After examination, he found that his aorta The valve is one less than normal, and it is combined with severe stenosis leading to heart failure.
Cai Fengjun said: "Generally, the aortic valve structure has three valves, and only 2% are double valves. It is a congenital lesion and occurs in the embryonic period. Mr. Gu is one of the few congenital double valves, and he usually has no symptoms when he is young. As we grow older, the blood flow will cause turbulence, which will gradually cause valve disease."
Mr. Gu had a heart stent installed, but the symptoms of shortness of breath did not improve. In addition, the traditional ultrasound and cardiac catheterization could not cause enough pressure difference due to the low heart function, which did not meet the current indications for aortic valve surgery. Continued to worsen, and fainting also occurred.
The stent installed by Mr. Gu did not cause significant blockage. The doctor determined that his poor heart function was not caused by coronary artery disease. The diagnosis should be the main cause of heart failure caused by "congenital bivalve aortic valve with severe stenosis". Receive surgical valve replacement surgery. He was discharged from the hospital in the next week, and the symptoms of heart failure that had troubled him for a long time were significantly improved, and he regained his due quality of life.
Chest tightness may also be "aortic valve degeneration"
Cai Fengjun emphasized: "Not all aortic valve stenosis will have calcification or significant pressure difference. Some younger patients have congenital bivalve aortic valve. The calcification is not serious but the stenosis is caused by fibrosis, especially those with low heart function. It will underestimate the severity of valve stenosis and delay diagnosis and treatment due to the inability to generate a sufficient pressure difference."
If people find that they feel chest tightness or even faint when they move a little, the stenosis caused by "aortic valve degeneration" is one of the possible reasons, and they can go to the cardiology outpatient clinic for a complete evaluation. If the result of the examination shows cardiac vascular obstruction causing low heart function, or combined with mitral valve insufficiency, making the diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis unclear, it may be necessary to consider a hospital with an integrated heart team for further examination.
Cai Fengjun previously treated a very special case, a 67-year-old Mr. Gu, who has often felt tired and cold feet in recent years. He had received a stent due to a heart attack. He suddenly passed out when he was a guest at a relative’s house in July. After examination, he found that his aorta The valve is one less than normal, and it is combined with severe stenosis leading to heart failure.
Cai Fengjun said: "Generally, the aortic valve structure has three valves, and only 2% are double valves. It is a congenital lesion and occurs in the embryonic period. Mr. Gu is one of the few congenital double valves, and he usually has no symptoms when he is young. As we grow older, the blood flow will cause turbulence, which will gradually cause valve disease."
Mr. Gu had a heart stent installed, but the symptoms of shortness of breath did not improve. In addition, the traditional ultrasound and cardiac catheterization could not cause enough pressure difference due to the low heart function, which did not meet the current indications for aortic valve surgery. Continued to worsen, and fainting also occurred.
The stent installed by Mr. Gu did not cause significant blockage. The doctor determined that his poor heart function was not caused by coronary artery disease. The diagnosis should be the main cause of heart failure caused by "congenital bivalve aortic valve with severe stenosis". Receive surgical valve replacement surgery. He was discharged from the hospital in the next week, and the symptoms of heart failure that had troubled him for a long time were significantly improved, and he regained his due quality of life.
Cai Fengjun emphasized: "Not all aortic valve stenosis will have calcification or significant pressure difference. Some younger patients have congenital bivalve aortic valve. The calcification is not serious but the stenosis is caused by fibrosis, especially those with low heart function. It will underestimate the severity of valve stenosis and delay diagnosis and treatment due to the inability to generate a sufficient pressure difference."
If people find that they feel chest tightness or even faint when they move a little, the stenosis caused by "aortic valve degeneration" is one of the possible reasons, and they can go to the cardiology outpatient clinic for a complete evaluation. If the result of the examination shows cardiac vascular obstruction causing low heart function, or combined with mitral valve insufficiency, making the diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis unclear, it may be necessary to consider a hospital with an integrated heart team for further examination.
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